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7. In the pattern: Subject + Verb + Object + infinitive without “TO” withverbs of perception like: see, hear, watch, notice, etc., and the verbs makeand know -> the infinitive without “TO” becomes the infinitive with “TO”.
e.g.:
I never hear her shout at her children
->She is never heard to shout at her children
He made me do it.
->I was made to doit.
She has never known that man lie before.
->That man has never been known to lie before.
8. Preposition that are closely connected with certain verbs and adverbial particles that belongs to two – word verbs are not emitted from the passive sentence (Giới từ mà nó được liên kết chặt chẽvới động từnhất định và những trạng ngữđi theo sau động từ2 chữthì nhớlà không được bỏkhỏi câu bịđộng)
e.g.:
She prevented them from taking the medicine. (Cô ấy đã ngăn chặn họ uống thuốc.)
->They were prevented from taking the medicine. (Họ đã được ngăn chặn uống thuốc.)
The nurse will look after their babies. (Cô y tá sẽ chăm sóc những đứa con của họ.)
->Their babies will be blocked after by the nurse. (Các con cai của họ sẽ được chăm sóc bởi cô y tá.)
9. Special cases: There are two common passive constractions with verbs expressing opinion and rumors like: say, report, think, believe, rumour….(Có 2 cấu trúc bị động chung với những động từdiễn tảcảm xúc ý tưởng ý nghĩ và những lời đồn đại như: nói, báo cáo, suy nghĩ, tin tưởng, đồn….
Chúng ta sẽcó 2 cách đổi sau:
It + be + PP + that - clause |
E.g.:
People say that prevention is better than cure. (Người ta nói rằng phòng bệnh thì tốt hơn chữa bệnh)
-> It is said that prevention is better than cure.
Subject + be + PP + infinitive with TO |
E.g.:
People say that prevention is better than cure.
-> Prevention is said to be better than cure.
E.g.:
People think that he works very hard.
People think that he works very hard.
-> It is thought that he works very hard.
-> He is thought to work very hard.
Everybody believed that he had died in the battle.
-> It was believed that he had died in the battle.
-> He was believed to have died in the battle.
10. Active/Passive Overview. (Tổng quán về câu chủ động và câu bị động)
Active (Câu chủ động) | Passive (Câu bị động) | |
Simple Present (Hiện tại đơn) | Once a week, Tom cleans the house. | Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom |
Present Continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) | Right now, Sarah is writing the letter. | Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah |
Simple Past (Quá khứ đơn) | Sam repaired the car. | The car was repaired by Sam. |
Past Continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) | The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. | The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. |
Present Perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành) | Many tourists have visited that house | That house has been visited by many tourists. |
Present Perfect Cont (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn) | Recently, John has been doing the work. | Recently, the work has been being done by John. |
Past perfect (QKHT) | George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic’s license | Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic’s license. |
Past Perfect Cont (QKHTTD) | Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant’s dinners for two years before he moved to Paris. | The restaurant’s dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. |
Simple Future WILL (Tương lai đơn) WILL | Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM | The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. |
Simple Future BE GOING TO | Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. | A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. |
Future Cont WILL | At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes. | At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John |
Future Cont BE GOING TO | At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes. | At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John. |
Future Perfect WILL | They will have completed the project before the deadline | The project will have been completed before the deadline. |
Future Perfect BE GOING TO | They are going to have completed the project before the deadline. | The project is going to have been completed before the deadline. |
Future Perfect Cont. WILL | He will have been painting the house for over two weeks by the time it is finished. | The house will have been being painted for over two weeks by the time it is finished. |
Future Perfect Cont BE GOING TO | He is going to have been painting the house for over two weeks by the time it is finished | The house is going to have been being painted for over two weeks by the time it is finished. |
USED TO | Jerry used to pay the bills | The bills used to be paid by Jerry. |
WOULD ALWAYS | My mother would always make the pies. | The pies would always be made by my mother. |
Future in the Past WOULD | I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM | I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM |
Future in the Past WAS GOING TO | I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. | I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight. |
Exercise 1: Put the following sentences into the passive voice.
*Simple Present Tense (am/ is/ are + PP)
1/ They paint their school every four years.
………………………………………………………………..
2/ Does the barking of the dog annoy you?
………………………………………………………………..
3/ They don’t sell fast food at that shop.
……………………………………………………………….
*Simple Past Tense (was/ were + PP)
4/ The police arrested two people yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………..
5/ They didn’t send that report two days ago.
…………………………………………………………………..
6/ Did he explain his lesson to you yesterday?
……………………………………………………………………
*Present Continuous Tense (am being/ is being/ are being + PP)
7/ They are building many house in our village now.
………………………………………………………………………………
8/ She wants to know what sort of research you are doing.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
*Past Continuous tense (was being/ were being + PP)
9/ The singer knew that they were praising her.
………………………………………………………………………….
10/ Are you sure that no one was watching you at that time?
……………………………………………………………………………….
*Present Perfect Tense (has been/ have been + PP)
11/ The president has set up a committee to investigate the problem.
………………………………………………………………………………………
12/ No one has ever asked me that question before.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
*Past Perfect Tense (had been + PP)
13/ My wife was very annoyed when she discovered that the cashier had cheated her.
……………………………………………………………………………………
14/ The police noticed that they had not yet taken the wrecked car away.
………………………………………………………………………………………
*Modal + infinitive without TO
(shall/ will/ can/ may/ must/ should/ could/….+ be + PP)
15/ We will announce the results of the examination on Tuesday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
16/ Can we use the indefinite article before an uncountable noun?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
17/ You should water these plants twice a week.
…………………………………………………………………………
*Modal perfect (should have/ would have/ could have…..+ been + PP)
18/ Someone must have dropped this book in his hurry.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
19/ She could have seen you from the house if it had not been so dark.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
* Verbs with two Objects:
20/ She sent me a message last night.
……………………………………………………….
21/ He owed me 20 dollars last week.
…………………………………………………………..
22/ The bank will give a free gift to each new customer next week.
………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences using Passive Voice.
1/ Julia rescued three cats.
…………………………………………………………………
2/ The students handed in the reports.
………………………………………………………….
3/ Maria crashed into the blue car.
………………………………………………….
4/ Alex learned the poem.
……………………………………………………..
5/ Steven has forgotten the book.
……………………………………………………
6/ The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder.
…………………………………………………………………
7/ They play handball.
……………………………………………………….
8/ Sue puts the rucksack on the floor.
………………………………………………………..
9/ The girls had lost the match.
………………………………………………………
10/ The teacher is not going to open the window.
………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 3: Put in the correct form of the verb in Passive into the gaps. Use the verb and the tense given in brackets.
Example:
A letter………………………by Peter. (to write – Simple Present)
A letter………………………by Peter. (to write – Simple Present)
Answer:
A letter is written by Peter.
1/ The words …………………by the teacher today. (to explain – Simple Present)
2/ We………………………. A letter the day before yesterday. (to send – Simple Past)
3/ This car ………………………. It’s too old. (not/to steal – will – future)
4/ This street…………….because of snow. (already/to close – Present Perfect)
5. Anew restaurant……………..next week. (to open – will – future)
6/ He………………to the party yesterday. (to invite – Simple Past)
7/ The blue box ………………………. (can/ not/ to see – Simple Present)
8/ I………………..the book by my friend last Sunday. (to give – Simple Past)
9/ The dishes……………….by my little brother. (not/ to wash – Present perfect)
10/ I………………………by Robber. (not/ to ask – will – future)
Exercise 4: Decide whether the sentences are written in Active or Passive.
1/ They listen to music.
………………………………………………………….
2/ She is reading an e-mail.
………………………………………………..
3/ These cars are produced in Japan.
……………………………………………………….
4/ Alan teaches Geography.
………………………………………………..
5/ German is spoken in Austria.
……………………………………………
6/ Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake.
………………………………………………………………
7/ Henry Ford invented the assembly line.
………………………………………………………………
8/ You should open your workbooks.
………………………………………………………….
9/ The bus driver was hurt.
………………………………………….............
10/ Houses have been built.
………………………………………………..
(Bài viết được chỉnh sửa bổ sung lần cuối vào 26/06/2013)
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