Bài 13: Danh động từ - Gerund

Trong bài này bạn sẽ được học phần đầu tiên Danh động từ - Gerund.
Chúc các bạn học tốt.

I.DEFINITION:

Gerund is a verb used as a Noun. Gerund is also called Verbal Noun. The form of Gerund and Present Participle is the same. However, their uses are different. 

(Gerund is a verb used là một  động từ được dùng nhưlà1 danh từ. Gerund cũng được gọi là Danh Động Tự. Hình thức của Gerund và hiện tại hoàn thành giống nhau. Tuy nhiên, cách dùng của chúng thì khác nhau).

Examples of Gerund:

- Learning English is not too difficult.

- Reading is my hobby.

II.UES OF GERUND:

1. Gerund as Subject (Gerund dùng làm chủ ngữ)

e.g.: Swimming is good.

2. Gerund as Object (Gerund dùng làm tân ngữ).

e.g.: I like swimming.

3. Gerund as Subjective Complement (Gerund dùng làm bổ sung nghĩa cho chủngữ).

e.g.: His favorite sport is swimming.

4. Gerund after preposition (Gerund dùng sau giới từ)

e.g.: I am fund of swimming.

5. Gerund after phrasal verb (Gerund dùng sau các động từ kép):care for (thích), give up (từ bỏ), leave off (thôi, ngừng), put off (hoãn lại), go on/keep on (tiếp tục)….

e.g.:

He gave up smoking last year.

I care for drinking coffee.

6. Gerund after: look forward to (trông mong), be used to/be accustomed to (quen, quen với), be worth (xứng đáng), be busy (bận), there is no (chẳng còn cách nào), it’s no use/ no good (chẳng ích gì), Do you mind/Would you mind (xin cảm phiền), can’t help/ can’t resist (không thể không, không khỏi)…..

e.g.:

I can’t help feeling sad.

7. Gerund after following verbs: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, imagine, finish, hate, keep, mind, miss, prefer, practice, postpone, start, stop, suggest, try, understand…..

e.g.:

I finished doing my homework.

We stopped talking.

*** NOTES:

- Gerund cũng có thểđứng sau mạo từ“the” hoặc Tính từsởhữugiống nhưdanh từ.

e.g.: Do you mind my smoking?

- Bản thân Gerund cũng có túc từ riêng của nó.

e.g.: He gave up drinking alcohol.

- Nhưng khi Gerund cómạo từ“the” đứng trước thì phải thêm giới từu Of giữa Gerund và túc từcủa nó.

e.g.: The reclaiming of land.

** Verbs followed by Gerund of Infinitive:

1. Begin, Start, Continue, Cease: sau các động từ này có thểdùng To-infinitive hay Gerund cũng được. Nhưng nếu động từ đi sau là các động từchỉtri giác nhưKnow, See, Think, Understand, Realize……thì thường dùng To-infinitive.

It stopped raining.

He began to understand what I was saying.

2. Advise, Allow, Permit, Recommend: sau các động từ này nếu có túc từ thì động từ đi sau túc từphải dùng To-infinitive; nếu không có túc từ thì dùng Gerund.

e.g.:

- He allowed me to go out.

- He allowed going out.

3. Regret, Remember, Forget: nếu động từ đi sau các động từnày diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước thì dùng Gerund; nếu xảy ra sau thì dùng TO-infinitive.

e.g.:

I regret spending so much money.

I regret to be unable to come tomorrow.

He will never forget living in prison.

I forget to bring my English book.

4. Stop:Nếu sau Stop dùng Gerund thì có nghĩa là thôi làm, ngừng. Còn nếu dùng To-infinitive thì có nghĩa là dừng lại để làm một việc khác.

e.g.:

- We stop talking.

- Please stop smoking.

- We stopped to ask the way.

- Daisy stopped to have a shoat rest.

5. Try:Nếu dùng To-infinitive thif cos nghĩa là cố gắng, còn nếu dùng Gerund thì có nghĩa là thử.

e.g.:

- He tried to complete his work.

- He tried eating Chinese food. (He had never eaten it before).

6. Need, Require, Want: sau 3 động từ này có thểdùng Gerund hoặc To be + Part Participleđểdiễn tảý bịđộng.

e.g.:

- Your hair needs cutting.

- Your hair needs to be cut.

7. Used to, Be/Get used to:

a) Used to + Bare Infinitive (diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứnay không còn nữa)

e.g.:

- My brother used to smoke.

- She used to drink a lot of coffee.

b) Be/Get used to + Gerund (quen, quen với)

e.g.:

- My mother is used to getting up early.

- We get used to drinking tea after dinner.

EXERCISE:

Put the verbs in parentheses in their correct Infinitive or Gerund forms:

1. The children are busy (collect)……..shells on the beach.

2. I don’t much care for (go)……..to that restaurant.

3. Would you mind (answer)…….the phone when it rings?

4. She had to ask the boys (stop)……..(make)………noise.

5. Our teacher has promised (help)……..us (prepare)……..for the exams.

6. I would like (have)………an opportunity of (meet)……you again.
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Bài 12: Đại từ quan hệ - The Relative Pronouns

Trong bài học hôm nay bạn sẽ được thầy Trịnh Thanh Toản dạy chi tiết về phần Đại Từ quan hệ - The Relative Pronouns. Sau khi học xong bài đại từ quan hệ bạn sẽ hiểu được cách dùng các đại từ quan hệ who, whom, whose, which, of which, that, with, trong từng trường hợp như thế nào...Chúc các bạn học thật tốt tiếng anh.

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*Definition: (Định nghĩa đại từ quan hệ)

A Relative Pronoun stands for the proceeding noun or pronoun (antecedent) and introduces an adjective clause.

e.g.:

-The man, who is standing over there, is my father.

- The table, which my mother bought yesterday, is beautiful.

1. General rubles:

Antecedent Function	Persons	Things and Animals
Subject (Chủ từ) Object (Túc từ) Possessive (Sở hữu)	WHO WHOM WHOSE	WHICH WHICH WHOSE OF WHICH

II. EXAMPLES:

1. Do you know the man who wrote these poems?

2.

a) My employer, whom I dislike, works in the next room.

(WHOM: object of DISLIKE)

b) Is that the man of whom you have been waiting?

(WHOM: object of FOR)

3. Alex Cook is a man whose opinions I respect.

That is the girl whose father works in the foundry.

4. Swimming, which is a sport, makes people strong.

5.

a) The flowers which you brought are beautiful.

(WHICH: object of BROUGHT)

b) That is the shop in which she works.

(WHICH: object of IN)

6. A tree whose branches (the branches of which/of which the branches) are dead should be cut down.

* It is much better to use a preposition phrase:

A tree with dead branches should be cut down.

*NOTES:

1. WHOM, WHICH and THATare usually omitted from restrictive (defining) clauses when they are the object of the verb in the clause, or of a preposition that does not stand before them.

- Daddy, this is the man (who/that) I want to marry.

- The flowers (which/that) you brought are beautiful.

- The men (whom/that) we voted for won the election.

2. WHICH may have a whole preceding clause as its antecedent. In the use, WHICH is equivalent to AND THIS/ THAT (+NOUN)

- He invited us to dinner, which (and this/that) was very kind of him.

- They won the medal at last, which (and this/that victory) delighted the school.

3. THE USE OF “THAT”

a) THAT may replace WHO, WHOM and WHICH in restrictive (defining) clauses (in the examples 1 and 5a above).

b) THAT is not used after the comma (,) in non-restrictive (non-defining) clauses or after prepositions.

- Air, which we breathe, is made up of many gases.

- The man to whom you spoke is the manager.

(The man that you spoke to is the manager.)

c) THAT should be used:

* After a mixed antecedent (person + thing or animal)

- I met the people, cattle and vehicles that went to market.

- The dancers and landscapes that he painted were very vivid.

* After Adjectives in the superlative and THE FIRST, THE LAST, THE ONLY, THE VERY……

- He is the kindest doctor that I’ve ever worked with.

- The last words that he spoke were: “Long live Vietnam!”

- John was the only student that didn’t pass the examination.

* After most Indefinite Pronouns: ALL, MUCH, LITTLE, ANY, NONE, NOTHING, ANYTHING, NOBODY, EVERYTHING…

- Have you got all that you need?
- Much that I have ever read is untrue.

- I have never known anyone that is as lovely as our teacher.

- I love everything that she makes for me.

* After the opening IT IS/ WAS…. And the corresponding interrogative form.

- It was John that I was just talking to.

- Is it I that will be sacked by the boss?

Bài 11: Câu điều kiện - Conditional Sentences

Trong bài hôm nay bạn sẽ được thầy giảng về phần câu điều kiện, một phần học khá hay trong tiếng anh. Với video sinh động dễ hiểu kết hợp với bài viết chi tiết bên dưới. Hy vọng sẽ giúp bạn học tiếng anh ngày càng tốt hơn. Chúc bạn học tốt và thành công trong cuộc sống. Nguồn video thaytro.vn

*Definition:

- Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If clause (Câu điều kiện cũng được biết như là các mệnh đề điều kiện hoặc là các mệnh đề If)

- They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place with a certain condition (in the clause with if). (Chúng được dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động trong mệnh đề chính (không có if) có thể xảy ra với một điều kiện cụ thể (trong mệnh đề có if)

***There are three Conditional Sentences: - Có 3 loại câu điều kiện.

I) Type 1: Present or Future Real Condition - Câu điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Form:

IF + Simple Present, will-Future

 e.g.:

- If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.

- If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.

- If John has enough money, he will buy a new car.

II) Type 2: Present Unreal Condition - Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại.

Form:

IF + Pass Subjunctive, WOULD + Infinitive

*Note: Past Subjunctive is similar to the Simple Past, only that the verb “BE” becomes “WERE” for all persons. (Past Subjunctive thì tương tự với thì quá khứ đơn, chỉ khác là  động từ “Be” luôn chia thành “were” cho tất cả các ngôi)

e.g.:

- If I were you, I would not do this.

- If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.

- I would send her an invitation if I found her address.

III) Type 3: Past Unreal Condition - Câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ.

Form:

IF + Past Perfect, WOULD + HAVE + Past Participle

e.g.:

- Yesterday, if I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

- Last year, if I had studied hard, I would have passed my exams.

- If John had had enough money last week, he would have bought a new car.

Exercise 1: Complete the Conditional Sentences TYPE 1

1. If Daisy and Sue (prepare)………the salad, Phil (paint)…………the house.

2. If Sue (cut) …………..the onions for the salad, Caroline (wash)…………the mushrooms.

3. If Bob (tidy)………….up the kitchen, Anita (clean)…………….the toilet.

4. Mary (buy)…………..the drinks if somebody (help)………….her carry the bottles.

5. If Bob (cook)………..the barbecue, Sue (do)……………the dishes.

Exercise If: Complete the Conditional Sentences TYPE 2

1. If I (play)…………the lottery, I (have)………..a chance to win.

2. If I (win)………the lottery, I (be)…………rich.

3. If I (be)………….rich, my life (change) ……….completely.

4. I (buy)…………. A lonely island, if I (find)…………a nice one.

5. If I (own)………. A lonely is land, I (build)…………….. a huge house by the beach.

Exercise 3: Complete the Conditional Sentences TYPE I + II + III

1. If I (be) …….stronger, I’d help you carry the piano.

2. If we’d seen you, we (stop)…………………..

3. If we (meet)…………….him tomorrow, we’ll say hello.

4. He would have repaired the car himself if he (have)……… the tools.

5. If you drop the vase, it (break)…………….

6. If hadn’t studied, I (not/pass)…………….the exam.

7. I wouldn’t go to school by bus if I (have)………….a driving license.

8. I (fly)………… to London if I get a cheap flight.

9. If I (come)………home earlier yesterday, I would have met him.

10. We’d be stupid if we (tell)…………him about our secret.

11. If you need the car in the afternoon, I (go)……………. Shopping in the morning.

12. If I (wear)……. A hat, I would look like an old woman.

13. I’ll buy this bag if they (have)………..it in blue.

14. If I didn’t have you, I (not/know) …………….what to do.

15. She wouldn’t pay cash if she (have)……….a credit card.

Bài 10: Cách dùng Used To - Be Used To - Get Used To

Bài học hôm nay sẽ giúp bạn học cách sử dụng Used To - Be Used To - Get Used To.
Chúc các bạn học thật tốt tiếng anh.
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I/ USED TO (Đã từng)

Form:

(+)	S + used to + V-infinitive
(-)	S + didn’t + use to + V-infinitive
(?)	Did + S + use to + V-infinitive?

*Use 1:

We use “used to” for something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens.

e.g.:

- I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.

- I didn’t use to drive to work ten years ago.

- Did Ben use to travel a lot in his last job?

* Use 2:

We also use “used to” for something that was true but no longer is.

e.g.:

- I didn’t use to like him but now I do.

- There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn’t.

- She used to have really long hair but her hair is short now.

II/ BE USED TO (Quen với)

*Form:

S + Be used to + V-ing

*Use:
We use “be used to + V-ing” to say that something is normal, not unusual.

e.g.:

- I am used to living on my own. I’ve done it for quite a long time.

- Jack has lived in England for over a year so he is used to driving on the left now.

- They’ve always lived in hot countries so they aren’t sued to the cold weather here.

III/ GET USED TO (Thích hợp với)

Form:

Get used to + V-ing

*Use:

We use “get used to + V-ing” to talk about the process of something becoming normal for us.

e.g.:

- I didn’t understand the accent when I first moved here but I quickly got used to it.

- She has started working nights and is still getting used to sleeping during the day.

- I have always lived in the country but now I’m beginning to get used to living in the city.

Exercise:

1.When I was a student, I sued to (work)……in a bar.

2. I will never get used to (work)…….nights. I prefer working days

3. She isn’t used to (live)…..on her own. The house feels quite empty.

4. When I worked in the city, I used to (get up)…….really early.

5. Are you getting used to (live)……………in your new house yet?

6. We are not used to (live)……. In a cold climate. We’re used to a warm one.

7. I used to (be)……… a gardener. I’m not used to (sit)………….in an office all day.

8. Since I retired from my job, I can’t get used to (have)…………..nothing to do all day.

9. In my last job, I used to (wear)………….. a suite and tie. Now I wear jeans.

10. I was just getting used to (wear)……..glasses.

Bài 9: So sánh của tính từ - Comparison Of Adjectives (TT) (Full)

Trong bài trước bạn đã được học về cách so sánh của tính từ, hôm nay bạn sẽ tiếp tục bài học với video bên dưới. Bài này bạn sẽ học tiếp phần còn lại trong bài trước và làm một số bài tập liên quan đến so sánh của tính từ - Comparison Of Adjective. Chúc các bạn học tiếng anh thật tốt. ^-^. 

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4. CÀNG…………..THÌ CÀNG………

- Với tính từu 1 vần: the + Adj + ER ….., the + Adj + ER

     e.g.: The richer he gets, the weaker he is.

- Với tính từ nhiều vần: the more + Adj….., the more + Adj

     e.g.: The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is.

- Với động từ: the more……, the more……..

     e.g.: The more she hates him, the more he loves her.

Exercise 1: Fil in the correct form of the words in brackets (AS…..AS)

1.John is (tall)…………………..Glen.

2. Janet is (beautiful)……………………..Jenifer.

3. You are (crazy)…………………….my sister.

4. We can run (fast)………………………….they can.

5. My mom is (not/strict)………………..your mum.

6. Your mobile phone is (not/expensive)…………………mine.

7. This film was (not/interesting)………………..that film.

8. This cake (not/taste/good)………………………the one I bought yesterday.

9. I can make (many/breads)…………………you.

10. He (not/earn/much/money)……………..you do.

Exercise 2: Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative) (so sánh hơn hoặc so sánh nhất)

1.My house is (big)…………….then yours.

2. This flower is (beautiful)……………..than that one.

3. This is the (interesting)……………..book I have ever read.

4. Non-smokers usually live (long)…………..than smokers.

5. Which is the (dangerous)………….animal in the world?

6. A holiday by the sea is (good)…….than a holiday in the mountains.

7. It is strange but often a coke is (expensive)……than a beer.

8. Who is the (rich)……………….woman on earth?

9. The weather this summer is even (bad)……..than last summer.

10. He was the (intelligent)…………..thief of all.

Exercise 3: Fill in the correct form of the following adjectives:

1.Los Angeles is (large)……..than Chicago.

2. New York is the (large)…………………city of the United States.

3. The weather in Hollywood is (good)…………….than in New York or New Jersey.

4. Nestor Studios is the (old)……………..movie company in Hollywood.

5. Disneyland is (interesting)………………than any other park.

6. London is the (large)………….city in Great Britain.

7. No other British city has as (many)…………inhabitants as London.

8. The London subway is the (old)…………subway in the world.

9. The Tower of London is one of the (famous)………………..London sights.

10. London is one of the (wet)……………cities in the world.